The State Was The Highest Form Of Community And The...

Question 1 In Everett, Aristotle argued ‘that the state was the ‘highest form of community’ and aimed at ‘the highest good’ (15). For the civilization in Greece to flourish, this was perceived to mean there had to be a ruler who was the master, and the slave who was being ruled. Among the Greeks, civilization was established via the slaves who performed the daily duties for rulers. The Greeks considered slavery to be essential and justified it via slave labor, aristocratic views, as well as economic growth for prosperity. The ruling class and slaves were not in the same class. Their perspective eon civilization, freedom, and liberty were mainly aristocratic. Slavery was necessary for the Greek civilization to function. The classes of†¦show more content†¦They were the same in that their economies relied on slavery and permitted the slaves peculium. Slaves were obtained through trade and war. The Romans treated the slaves harshly than the Greeks. The roma n slaves could buy their freedom after working for a given period unlike the Greeks. The Romans allowed the slaves to serve in the armed forces, unlike the Greeks. 3 Islam played a great role as far as the European slave trade is concerned. The Arab traders had connections with the African chiefs since the chiefs provided the Europeans with slaves. During this time, religions had a significant role in justifying the slavery practice. Still Islam believes in slavery regardless of the fact that other religions no longer do it, people were easily deceived into the religion and after adopting it, many ended up as slaves (Hamilton, Leo and Diane 28). 4 The French, England, and Portuguese were trading in goods hoping to boost their financial status. There were no winnings or expansion with the goods, and they therefore decided to assist the Spanish by offering black slaves since the Indians were reducing in numbers and never worked as hard as the black slaves. Negros began being exchanged and slave labor introduced financial gains. Slavery started when Columbus realized the New World. During this period, the Pope agreed to grant Portugal and Spain colonial possessions. He allowed Spain,

Jackie Robinson s Influence On Baseball And America

Jackie Robinson’s Influence in Baseball and America Baseball has been known as America’s great sport since the 1920’s. Many people love to watch the games and create their own fantasy teams because they look up to the wide, diverse players on each team. Every team consists of males of different races and this helps bring culture into the great game. Having such a big diversity in one sport makes it easier for more people to enjoy because there is something in it for every person. However, baseball has not always been like this. From the very beginning of baseball, only white men were playing in the Major Leagues. African Americans were technically allowed to be on the team, but no one wanted them on the Major League teams. This was a time where African American’s were still treated badly and segregation was very big. People would not see an African American on a baseball team until the 1940’s. The first African American to play on a white team had t o be the best at the game and needed the strength to withhold any feelings that would lead him to acting out because of the things the whites would do or say to him. This man happened to be the young, courageous Jackie Robinson. The hardships Jackie Robinson endured changed the game of baseball and still influences not just athletes, but people in every aspect of life. Jackie Robinson changed the game of baseball forever by becoming the first African American to play in the Major Leagues. Jackie Robinson had always been good atShow MoreRelatedJackie Robinsons Leadership Style1441 Words   |  6 Pageslives.†- Jackie Robinson A true leader is someone who people willingly follow and listen to as well as someone who has the ability to influence and motivate others. An outstanding example of a great leader is Jackie Robinson. On April 15, 1947, Jackie Robinson shocked the world and changed not only the history of sports, but changed America. Facing the criticism, ignoring the racial slurs, and following his true passion, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball. JackRead MoreJackie Robinson : The Baseball Player978 Words   |  4 Pages Jackie Robinson is often seen as the baseball player to put blacks on the map. Though, what Troy argues in â€Å"Fences† is completely different. He believes that Jackie Robinson was the most successful baseball player not necessarily the best. Troy believed that he, in fact, knew teams that Jackie Robinson would not make. He also knew of many black baseball players that came before Jackie Robinson that simply did not a chance. This can relate to athletes that never made it to the big leagues becauseRead MoreSports And Its Impact On Society3522 Words   |  15 Pagesbe applied for Jackie Robinson’s effect during the civil rights movement, when he was the first African American man to sign with a Major League Baseball team. Jackie Robinson was born into a sharecropping family on January 31st, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia, but soon after moved to Pasadena, California in 1920. Jackie was the youngest of five siblings, all of whom were very athletic. His brother Matthew was a silver medalist in the 1936 Olympics and was a heavy influence on Jackie pursuing athleticsRead More Jackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Essay3760 Words   |  16 PagesJackie Robinson and the Struggle for Equality in Baseball Baseball has always been known as Americas pastime. But Americas pastime, along with Americas past, have both been saturated with the brutal force of racism. For hundreds of years, from the time of slavery until the middle of the 20th century, African-American children rounded up their friends and headed to the baseball diamond. There, for thousands of young black players, the smell of the grass, the cloud of dust that formed whenRead MoreJackie Robinson5168 Words   |  21 PagesJackie Robinson, Why Him? The story of Jackie Robinson has become one of Americas most iconic and inspiring stories. Since 1947, American history has portrayed Jackie Robinson as a hero, and he has been idolized as a role model to the African American baseball community. It is an unarguable fact that he was the first to tear down the color barriers within professional baseball. The topic of Robinson’s role in integration has long been a point of discussion amongst baseball historians. ResearchersRead MoreStrides Toward Equality in Major League Baseball Essay2871 Words   |  12 PagesManager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, and vice president, Branch Rickey, had always been bothered by the unwritten and unspoken color line in major league baseball. In 1945, he took advantage of his power as manager and called for a meeting with Jackie Robinson from the Kansas City Monarchs, a Negro League team (â€Å"About Jackie Robinson†). He had always secretly scouted Negro League teams in hopes of finding the rig ht candidate. One who had enough talent, but also had enough guts to not jeer back at theRead MoreJackie Robinson Contributions to the Development of America1866 Words   |  8 Pages The first man to break the color barrier in Major League Baseball in the 20th century, Jackie Robinson is, to this day, one of the most celebrated baseball players in history. It is only a few times in one’s life that they have the chance to know of someone who’s character could be digested in simply a sentence. Especially a complex person, a complex athelte. Although there aren’t many people like Jackie Robinson. A life is not important, he said, except in the impact it has on other lives.Read MoreThe Jim Crow Policies Of Baseball1789 Words   |  8 PagesMany people in major league baseball attempted to stop segregation in the sport, it wasn’t even close to get accomplished until Brooklyn Dodger s general manager, Branch Rickey began the great experiment. The Jim Crow policies of baseball had been changed ever since 1945 when Rickey and Jackie Robinson from the Negro League s Kansas City Monarchs was placed onto a contract that would place Jackie into the major leagues in 1947. Jackie Robinson began to make history since 1947 when he first brokeRead MoreJackie Robinson And The Brooklyn Dodgers2822 Words   |  12 Pagesaspects of American life, black sportsmen were segregated, and no African American had played professional baseball since 1884. For this reason, the integration of Jackie Robinson to the Brooklyn Dodgers as the first African American to play Major League baseball in the modern era had a grand impact on the entire country. From the moment that Dodgers owner, Branch Rickey decided that Robinson would break the colour lone, the history of sport and the history of African Americans would not be the sameRead MoreHistory and Importance of Baseball in the US Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball is an American icon. It is the Statue of Liberty, the bald eagle, ‘In God We Trust,’ Mount Rushmore, ice cream, apple pie, hot dogs, and rally monkeys. BASEBALL IS AMERICA.† At one time baseball held the hearts and captivated the minds of the majority of the United States of America with its luster and almost magical exuberance. It exerted this on minds of young children and all the way up to old men and women in America. Americans fell in love with the scent of ballpark hotdogs and the

Lg Electronics †International Business Free Essays

The multinational company that I will be examining is LG Electronics. LG Electronics is based out of Seoul, Korea and was established in 1958. It is a subsidiary of LG Group, which is one of the largest electronic conglomerates in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Lg Electronics – International Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now This company is a global manufacturer of consumer electronics, telecommunications systems, and home appliances. LG operates its business through four major divisions: home entertainment, mobile communications, home appliances, and air conditioning energy solutions. They are the second largest manufacturer of flat screen televisions, and the third largest producer of mobile phones. North America and Asia are its two largest markets, each contributing about 30% of sales. According to their website, LG Electronics has over 120 ventures around the world. They employ around 93,000 personnel. LG Electronics owns Zenith Electronics and controls a large portion of LG Display. Its home entertainment division produces cutting edge products, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) televisions, plasma televisions, 3 dimension (3D) televisions, home theater systems, projectors, and audio, video, and storage devices. The mobile communications branch provides a full line of communication devices, mobile communication terminals, and tablet personal computers (PCs). The home appliances division manufactures microwave ovens, refrigerators, washing machines and more. The air conditioning and energy solutions branch creates air conditioners, develops solar energy cells, and provides green lighting solutions. The consumer electronics industry is growing rapidly with numerous innovative products being invented due to recent advances in technology. This has driven increases in consumer demand. LG Electronics is one of the leading competitors in this area. The global market is pretty equally divided between the United States, Asia, and Europe. The Americas region accounts for 38% of the global market, and is dominated by the US market. Additionally, the economic growth in substantial markets such as China and India has boosted the global consumer electronic market revenue. LG Electronics has many different international activities. This company has branches in almost every region of the world. For instance, LG has production plants in Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, England, Poland, and Brazil. This corporation operates offices for marketing its products in every country imaginable, such as Jordan, Nigeria, Russia, Australia, Thailand and the United States. This is truly a company that is rapidly expanding its holdings around the world. This corporation is putting full effort into becoming one of the top three manufacturers of electronics and telecommunications systems on earth. They are doing so, by using two major strategies: fast innovation and fast growth. LG Electronics is putting a lot of time and money into research and development, in order to get ahead of its competitors. LG is placing the majority of its effort into what they term â€Å"smart technology. † Smart technology is LG’s development philosophy that embraces sensitive communication with customers in order to provide products that everybody wants to use, and easily can. This customer oriented principle has become the most important development philosophy for LG. The key areas that LG is focusing on are the mobile phone and digital television industries. They are also actively participating in pilot projects such as home networking to develop new products with various service providers. LG Electronics is also developing new business opportunities by creating strategic alliances with other successful companies. It is LG Electronics’ goal to become number one in the world through these relationships. Businesses with different foundations are collaborating with LG to create a â€Å"Strategic alliance between corporations. † This is crucial to creating a new industry and solidifying the current one. One of the companies that LG Electronics is working with is Skype. Through this partnership, LG is working to create television products with embedded Skype capabilities. General Electric (GE) is another major corporation that LG is collaborating with. These two businesses have agreed to share patents on cooking appliances and refrigerators. Arguably the most important alliance that LG has formed is one with Microsoft. LG has already released a smartphone based on Microsoft’s Windows Mobile. In addition to that, the companies have been working together closely for personal computer, digital television, and mobile phone convergence. In December 2002, the managing director of Francis Kanoi Marketing Services, Francis Xavier stated â€Å"LG’s success is more related to marketing than technological superiority. I believe that spending money for great advertising is LG Electronics’ major international strategy. This is a technique that will work regardless of what region the consumer lives in. For example, in 2002 LG Electronics India launched advertising campaigns featuring cricketers. LG then released 22 commercials featuring world class cricketers to strengthen its association with cricket. Experts felt that LG would profit by aligning itself with this sport in a country such India where cricket has a huge following. The company then spent approximately 500 million dollars on advertising during the cricket world cup. Due to its aggressive promotion plan, LG became the market leader in India for color televisions, washing machines, refrigerators, and microwaves. LG has since gone on to become one of the leading sponsors of cricket in India. This is a marketing plan that has worked well in other counties too. LG Electronics sponsors soccer teams in England and Costa Rica, where that sport has a large audience. In Australia and Argentina, they are the corporate sponsors of rugby teams. LG also sponsors London Fashion week, as well as Formula One racing which has a giant following all over the world. In essence, LG Electronics is extremely smart in aligning its brand with popular sports and events. LG Electronics is a multinational firm that is striving to become the number one electronics conglomerate on earth. The company is working toward achieving this goal with more than one business strategy. First, they are putting time and effort into listening to the customer when it comes to research and development of new, better products. Second, LG has formed many strategic alliances with other major companies, in order to expand its holdings. Lastly and most important, this corporation is spending money on great advertising and sponsorship of popular sports teams all over the world in order to promote its brand. References 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/LG_Electronics 2. http://www. lg. com/global/index. jsp 3. http://www. fibre2fashion. com/industry-article/11/1004/increasing-competition-creates-stress-on-marketing-managers4. asp 4. http://www. allbusiness. com/company-activities-management/company-strategy/16611527-1. html How to cite Lg Electronics – International Business, Papers

Catherine Malasa free essay sample

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior. Psychology is a multifaceted discipline and includes many sub-fields of study areas such as human development, sports, health, clinical, social behavior and cognitive processes.  Because psychology is new a social science, it attempts to investigate the causes of behavior using systematic and objective procedures for observation, measurement and analysis, backed-up by theoretical interpretations, generalizations, explanations and predictions Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that involves the scientific study of mental functions and behaviors[1] with the immediate goal of understanding individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit society. In this field, a professional practitioner or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors. Question: What Is Cognitive Psychology? Answer: Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, acquire knowledge, perceive, learn, remember or store information and then apply it. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy and linguistics. Cognitive psychology studies in areas of research such as, Perception, attention, reasoning, thinking, problem solving, memory, learning, language, and emotion are areas of research. Classical cognitive psychology is associated with a school of thought known as cognitivism, whose adherents argue for an information processing model of mental function, informed by functionalism and experimental psychology. On a broader level, cognitive science is an interdisciplinary enterprise of cognitive psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, researchers in artificial intelligence, linguists, human–computer interaction, computational neuroscience, logicians and social scientists. Computational models are sometimes used to simulate phenomena of interest. Computational models provide a tool for studying the functional organization of the mind whereas neuroscience provides measures of brain activity. The core focus of cognitive psychology is on how people acquire, process and store information. There are numerous practical applications for cognitive research, such as improving memory, increasing decision-making accuracy and structuring educational curricula to enhance learning. Until the 1950s, behaviorism was the dominant school of thought in psychology. Between 1950 and 1970, the tide began to shift against behavioral psychology to focus on topics such as attention, memory and problem-solving. Often referred to as the cognitive revolution, this period generated considerable research on topics including processing models, cognitive research methods and the first use of the term cognitive psychology. The term cognitive psychology was first used in 1967 by American psychologist Ulric Neisser in his book Cognitive Psychology. According to Neisser, cognition involves all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and hallucinations Given such a sweeping definition, it is apparent that cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly do; that every psychological phenomenon is a ognitive phenomenon. Noam Chomsky helped to launch a cognitive revolution in psychology when he criticized the behaviorists notions of stimulus, response, and reinforcement. Chomsky argued that such ideas—which Skinner had borrowed from animal experiments in the laboratory—could be applied to complex human behavior, most notably language acquisition, in only a superficial and vague manner. The postulation that humans are born with the instinct or innate facility for acquiring lan [pic] [pic] The Muller-Lyer illusion. Psychologists make inferences about mental processes from shared phenomena such as optical illusions. helped to renew interest and belief in the mental states and representations—i. e. , the cognition—that had fallen out of favor with behaviorists. English neuroscientist Charles Sherrington and Canadian psychologist Donald O. Hebb used experimental methods to link psychological phenomena with the structure and function of the brain. With the rise of computer science and artificial intelligence, analogies were drawn between the processing of information by humans and information processing by machines. Research in cognition had proven practical since World War II, when it aided in the understanding of weapons operation. [47] By the late 20th century, though, cognitivism had become the dominant paradigm of psychology, and cognitive psychology emerged as a popular branch. Assuming both that the covert mind should be studied, and that the scientific method should be used to study it, cognitive psychologists set such concepts as subliminal processing and implicit memory in place of the psychoanalytic unconscious mind or the behavioristic contingency-shaped behaviors. Elements of behaviorism and cognitive psychology were synthesized to form the basis of cognitive behavioral therapy, a form of psychotherapy modified from techniques developed by American psychologist Albert Ellis and American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. Cognitive psychology was subsumed along with other disciplines, such as philosophy of mind, computer science, and neuroscience, under the cover discipline of cognitive science. Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mental processes including how people think, perceive, remember and learn. As part of the larger field of cognitive science, this branch of psychology is related to other disciplines including neuroscience, philosophy and linguistics. The core focus of cognitive psychology is on how people acquire, process and store information. There are numerous practical applications for cognitive research, such as improving memory, increasing decision-making accuracy and structuring educational curricula to enhance learning. Until the 1950s, behaviorism was the dominant school of thought in psychology. Between 1950 and 1970, the tide began to shift against behavioral psychology to focus on topics such as attention, memory and problem-solving. Often referred to as the cognitive revolution, this period generated considerable research on topics including processing models, cognitive research methods and the first use of the term cognitive psychology. The term cognitive psychology was first used in 1967 by American psychologist Ulric Neisser in his book Cognitive Psychology. According to Neisser, cognition involves all processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used. It is concerned with these processes even when they operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and hallucinations Given such a sweeping definition, it is apparent that cognition is involved in everything a human being might possibly do; that every psychological phenomenon is a cognitive phenomenon. How is Cognitive Psychology Different? †¢ Unlike behaviorism, which focuses only on observable behaviors, cognitive psychology is concerned with internal mental states. Unlike psychoanalysis, which relies heavily on subjective perceptions, cognitive psychology uses scientific research methods to study mental processes. Who Should Study Cognitive Psychology? Because cognitive psychology touches on many other disciplines, this branch of psychology is frequently studied by people in a number of different fields. The following are just a few of those who may benefit from studying cognitive psychology a web site that should be useful if you are studying psychology †¢ PsychBLOG †¢ Course Content †¢ Themes †¢ Investigations Core Studies †¢ Home Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic] Bottom of Form Search Holah Top of Form [pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] Bottom of Form [pic]Core Studies †¢ Cognitive Psychology †¢ Developmental Psychology †¢ Individual Differences †¢ Physiological Psychology †¢ Social Psychology Exam Help †¢ Course Structure †¢ Exam Questions †¢ Exam Technique A Bit More Stuff †¢ About †¢ Links †¢ Further Reading [pic][pic] [pic][pic]Home gt; Cognitive Psychology Cognitive Psychology masters in psychology Cognitive psychology studies our mental processes or cognitions. These mental processes that cognitive psychologists focus on include memory, perception, thinking and language. The main assumption of the cognitive approach is that information received from our senses is processed by the brain and that this processing directs how we behave or at least justifies how we behave the way that we do. Cognitive processes are examples of hypothetical constructs. That is, we cannot directly see processes such as thinking but we can infer what a person is thinking based on how they act. Cognitive psychology has been influenced by developments in computer science and analogies are often made between how a computer works and how we process information. Based on this computer analogy cognitive psychology is interested in how the brain inputs, stores and outputs information. However we are much more sophisticated than computer systems and an important criticism directed at the cognitive approach is that it often ignores the way in which other factors, such as past experiences and culture influence how we process information. Loftus and Palmers (1974) study of eyewitness testimony demonstrates how the cognitive process of memory can be distorted by other information supplied after an event. This highlights that memory is not merely a tape recording but is a dynamic process which can be influenced by many events such as leading questions. The study also shows that memory is a dynamic process and changes to make sense of experiences. When we behave in a particular way towards another person it is likely that we attempt to understand how the other person is thinking and feeling. Baron-Cohens (1997) study shows that our behaviour can be influenced by a cognitive process called a theory of mind. Having a theory of mind enables a person to appreciate that other people have thoughts and beliefs that are different from their own. Baron-Cohens study attempts to demonstrate that the central deficit of autism is a failure to fully develop this cognitive process of a theory of mind. It has been argued that humans are unique in possessing the ability to communicate with language which involves very sophisticated cognitive skills. However this argument is challenged by the study from Savage-Rumbaugh et al. (1986) who studied the language capabilities in pygmy chimpanzees. A main strength of cognitive psychology is that this approach has tended to use a scientific approach through the use of laboratory experiments. A strength of using laboratory experiments is that they are high in control therefore researchers are able to establish cause and effect. For example Loftus and Palmer were able to control the age of the participants, the use of video and the location of the experiment. All participants were asked the same questions (apart from changes in the critical words), and the position of the key question in the second was randomised. Furthermore, such standardised experiments are easy to test for reliability. However, as many cognitive studies are carried out in laboratory settings they can lack ecological validity. When cognitive processes such as memory and theory of mind are studied in artificial situations it may be difficult to generalise the findings to everyday life. A further strength of the cognitive approach is the useful contributions that have arisen from this approach. For example, many modern types of therapy are based on the cognitive approach. Understanding cognitive processes allows us to help people to improve their cognitive processes such as memory and language. The Baron-Cohen et al. study enables us to better understand the behaviour of people with autism, Loftus and Palmers’ study highlights the limitations of eye-witness testimonies and the ape research may offer strategies to help children with language difficulties to develop language or to use strategies such as the lexigram system. Furthermore the cognitive approach has become the dominant approach in psychology particularly since it has become allied with neurology. The cognitive approach nowadays is often called cognitive science and is able to provide a very sophisticated understanding of how the brain processes information. A weakness of the cognitive approach relates to the validity of measuring cognitive processes. We can only infer what a person is thinking and therefore the cognitive approach relies heavily on self report measures and observation. There are a number of reasons why we have to question the validity of self report measures and observation. For example we can only infer that adults with autism have theory of mind difficulties from the results of the Eyes Task or that pygmy chimps are really using language when they communicate through a Lexigram. However, because of the developments of brain scanning techniques we are able to record the active parts of the brain more accurately nowadays and cognitive science is providing a more and more detailed description of how cognitive processes work. For example, brain scanning techniques are giving great insights about how memory works. It has been argued that a weakness of the cognitive approaches reliance on the computer analogy leads to a reductionist and mechanistic description of experiences and behaviour. Reductionism is the idea that complex phenomena can be explained by simpler things. The cognitive approach often takes this narrow focus and ignores social and emotional factors which may impact on cognition. For example, the autism study investigated just one central cognitive deficit as an explanation for autism. However the reductionist approach does have strengths. An advantage of the reductionist view is that by breaking down a phenomenon to its constituent parts it may be possible to understand the whole. This type of single mindedness has lead to some great discoveries in psychology as it has in the natural sciences.